Articles on Technology, Health, and Travel
Copd statpearls of Technology
Feb 29, 2024 · The overlap syndrome, introduced by David C. Flenely in 1985, characterizes the combination of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[1] COPD involves persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible distal airflow limitation.[2] Individuals with COPD frequently experience challenges in initiating sleep and frequent ...Salmeterol is a medication used in the management and treatment of asthma and COPD. It is in the beta-2 adrenergic agonist class medications. This activity reviews the indications, mechanism of action, and contraindications for salmeterol as a valuable agent in treating asthma and COPD. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, and dosing pertinent for ...Get the answers you need instantly with the StatPearls Clinical Decision Support tool. StatPearls spent the last decade developing the largest and most updated Point-of Care resource ever developed. ... If the patient has a known history of COPD, then they need only to determine if there is a baseline worsening of their disease or if there is …Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common co-morbidity and cause of new complaints. Rapid recognition, assessment, and treatment are paramount to patient outcomes. Gone are the days of definitive airway management as first-line therapy. The scope of practice has expanded and the expectation of medical care to prevent respiratory ...The use of biomarkers however might be helpful: C-reactive protein-guided prescribing of antibiotics for exacerbations of COPD in primary care resulted in lower antibiotic use, with no evidence of harm , and in another study, primary care patients without sputum purulence, and a CRP value <40 mg·L −1 could be safely treated without antibiotics .Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, causes several side effects, including a persistent cough that produces mucus, a tight feeling in the chest and shortness of breath,...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung condition caused mainly by long-term smoking. Learn what to expect from COPD as you age. ... StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Related ...Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are a drug class used as a mainstay treatment for respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They replicate the functions of catecholamines such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in producing different autonomic responses within the body. Specifically, the smooth muscle of the airway, uterus, intestine ...Jul 25, 2023 · As a result, pursed-lip breathing helps support breathing by the opening of the airways during exhalation and increasing excretion of volatile acids in the form of carbon dioxide preventing or relieving hypercapnia. Through purse-lip breathing, people can have relief of shortness of breath, decrease the work of breathing, and improve gas exchange.The definition of obstructive disease is lung disease with impaired expiration. It presents with decreased FVC, decreased FEV1, and, most notably, a dramatic decrease in FEV1/FVC. In obstructive disease, …Excerpt. Hypercapnia, a state of elevated serum carbon dioxide (CO2), can manifest as a broad spectrum of disease, the most severe of which is CO2 narcosis. The delineating feature of CO2 narcosis is a depressed level of consciousness. It is essential to recognize impending or current CO2 narcosis; if left untreated, it can result in coma or death.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects nearly 6% of Americans, although state prevalence varies from 3% to 12%. 1 Mortality from COPD has been slowly decreasing in men, and ...Pneumoconiosis is any lung disease caused by the inhalation of organic or nonorganic airborne dust and fibers. Patients usually encounter these inhalants in the workplace environment, and therefore it is known as an occupational disease. The most frequently encountered types of pneumoconiosis are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal miner's lung. These particles cause inflammation and fibrosis in ...1. Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major chronic health problem throughout the world (Vestbo, Hurd, & Rodriguez-Roisin, 2012).Functional status impairment is a common finding in COPD patients (R. Garrod, Marshall, Barley, Fredericks, & Hagan, 2007).Functional status is defined as one's ability to perform normal ADLs, to meet basic needs, play usual roles and maintain ...A link from Readwriteweb A link from Readwriteweb Webicina covers over 100 medical topics – the latest addition being COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. It’s able to c...The Nursing Professional Development (NPD): Scope and Standards of Practice describe the competencies that NPD practitioners should perform. The roles of all nursing specialties, including those of NPD practitioners, are evolving with the changing healthcare landscape. The ANA and other specialty organizations periodically review and revise ...Glycopyrrolate, also known as glycopyrronium, is an anticholinergic drug. Glycopyrrolate has been widely used as a preoperative medication to inhibit salivary gland and respiratory secretions. The most frequent reasons for administering anticholinergics include producing an antisialagogue effect, creating a sedative and amnesic effect, and …Key Points. Body Mass Index (Quetelet's... Breathlessness Measurement... Differential Diagnosis of COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is airflow limitation caused by an inflammatory response to inhaled toxins, often cigarette smoke.Bacterial pneumonia, characterized by inflammation in lung parenchyma and alveolar spaces, is caused by various bacteria, each triggering an intricate interplay with the host immune response. Clinically, patients may experience symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest pain, with potential complications ranging from necrotizing pneumonia and empyema to meningitis, sepsis, and multiple ...Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are a drug class used as a mainstay treatment for respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They replicate the functions of catecholamines such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in producing different autonom ….Common symptoms of AECOPD include increased sputum production, cough and dyspnea as a result of increased airway inflammation, mucous plugging and gas trapping [ 1, 2 ]. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with a mortality of 10% in the hospital, 43% at 1 year and 50% in the subsequent 5 years [ 3 - 5 ]. Exacerbations themselves are ...Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) allow physicians to evaluate the respiratory function of their patients in many clinical situations and when there are risk factors for lung disease, occupational exposures, and pulmonary toxicity. National guidelines for the measurements and interpretation of PFT are regularly updated, and the most recent guidelines developed by the international joint Task ...Airflow obstruction in COPD causes air to become trapped in the lungs after a full exhalation, increasing the effort required to breathe. Also in COPD, the number of capillaries in the walls of the alveoli decreases. These abnormalities impair the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood. In the earlier stages of ...Jun 11, 2023 · Respiratory failure is a condition that affects the ability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body. It can be caused by various diseases and injuries, and it can be acute or chronic. In this article, you will learn about the types, causes, signs, diagnosis, and management of respiratory failure in adults, based on the latest evidence from the NCBI ...Respiratory failure is a condition that affects the ability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body. It can be caused by various diseases and injuries, and it can be acute or chronic. In this article, you will learn about the types, causes, signs, diagnosis, and management of respiratory failure in adults, based on the latest evidence from the NCBI ...First diagnosed in 1989, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant public health problem affecting 58 million people worldwide. The percentage of people who are seropositive for anti-HCV antibodies worldwide is estimated to have increased from 2.3% to 2.8% between 1990 to 2005. Most patients (80% to 85%) who become acutely infected cannot clear the virus and progress to chronic infection ...Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a fungal infection of the lung due to a hypersensitivity reaction to antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus after colonization into the airways. Predominantly it affects patients with bronchial asthma and those having cystic fibrosis. It characteristically presents with bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, and immunologic evidence of ...Pneumomediastinum is defined as air present in the mediastinum and less frequently referred to as mediastinal emphysema. The mediastinum is the space in the central thorax bounded laterally by the parietal pleura of the lungs, superiorly by the thoracic outlet, inferiorly by the diaphragm, anteriorly by the sternum, and posteriorly by the …Inhalation injury is a broad term that includes pulmonary exposure to a wide range of chemicals in various forms including smoke, gases, vapors, or fumes. Inhalation injury from smoke exposure is commonly seen in patients exposed to fires. Smoke inhalation is one of the most commonly encountered inhalation injuries and is the primary focus of this information. Information relating to external ...disease (COPD) is a common res-piratory condition, affecting 4.5% of people over the age of 40 in the UK (statistics.blf.org.uk/copd). The British Lung Foundation estimates 1.2 mil-lion people have been diagnosed with COPD, and this is thought to represent a third of people who have the disease, many are as yet undiagnosed. COPD is responsible forPulse oximetry is a noninvasive measure of oxygen saturation. Capnography is a method of monitoring the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide. This activity describes the use of capnography and pulse oximetry. as well as its clinical significance and limitations for patient care.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder characterized by scarring of the lungs from an unknown cause. The condition has a poor long-term prognosis. Classical features of IPF include the gradual onset of shortness of breath, progressive dyspnea, and a dry, nonproductive cough. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) usually reveal restrictive lung function impairment ...A bronchoscopy is an essential tool for clinicians and health care providers treating patients with lung diseases. [1][2]Since its introduction to clinical practice by Shigeto Ikeda in 1966, flexible bronchoscopy has become an essential tool in diagnosis and management of patients with lung diseases. Rigid bronchoscopy can be particularly helpful in therapeutic cases.Feb 26, 2024 · Atelectasis, characterized by the partial or complete collapse of the lung or a section of the lung, is a common and significant clinical problem encountered in patients, particularly following surgery or in those with prolonged bed rest. This condition, resulting in impaired gas exchange and respiratory function, can lead to severe ...In 1836, Charles Dickens published his serialized book "The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club" in which he described obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), which is defined as alveolar hypoventilation in an obese individual during wakefulness that cannot be explained to other conditions that lead to hypercapnia, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) or obstructive sleep ...May 22, 2023 · Initially, bronchiectasis was described in the early 19th century by Laennec. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by persistent and lifelong widening of the bronchial airways and weakening of the function mucociliary transport mechanism owing to repeated infection contributing to bacterial invasion and mucus pooling throughout the bronchial tree.[1][2][3] Bronchiectasis is ...Overview. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette …Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that can be given via oral, nasal, or topical routes. The route of administration depends on the patient’s diagnosis. Oral fluticasone is FDA-approved to treat asthma and has an off-label use for chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and eosinophilic esophagitis.Clinical Significance. Arterial blood gas monitoring is the standard for assessing a patient’s oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status. Although ABG monitoring has been replaced mainly by non-invasive monitoring, it is still helpful in confirming and calibrating non-invasive monitoring techniques.Aug 7, 2023 · Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and tissue destruction. It is associated with structural lung changes due to chronic inflammation from prolonged exposure to noxious particles or gases most commonly cigarette smoke.COPD accounted for 3.23 million deaths globally in 2019 and is the third leading cause of death. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a particular risk to patients with COPD. The mortality rate for patients with COPD and COVID-19 was 15% versus 4% in those without COPD (2). Hospitalization rates were twice as great for COPD patients with COVID-19 ...This activity outline and describes the indications, action, and contraindications for phosphodiesterase inhibitors as a valuable agent in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), erectile dysfunction (ED), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), acute decompensated heart failure, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PA), and ...COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a condition caused by damage to the airways or other parts of the lung that blocks airflow and makes it hard to breathe. Learn who is at risk for COPD, what symptoms to watch for, and how the disease affects the lungs. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of a slimy substance ...Pleurisy is a symptom characterized by localized chest pain caused by a disease-causing inflammation of the pleura. Pleurisy can be caused by a primary pleural disease or secondary to a systemic illness. Hippocrates first described "pleuritis" in the 5 century B.C. as "pain in his side, fever and shivering" accompanied by "orthopnea" and …Apr 28, 2023 · Bronchodilators are indicated for individuals that have lower than optimal airflow through the lungs. The mainstay of treatment is beta-2 agonists that target the smooth muscles in the bronchioles of the lung. Various respiratory conditions may require bronchodilators, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They are used to either reverse asthma symptoms or improve lung ...Epinephrine is one of the most commonly used agents in various settings as it functions as medication and hormone. It is currently FDA-approved for various situations, including emergency treatment of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, induction, and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgeries and hypotension …Loratadine is a piperidine histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-allergic properties but without sedative effects. The drug is an FDA-approved medication to relieve and treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and urticaria (allergic skin rash). [1] [2] [3] Loratadine is an effective, second-generation antihistamine with use in a variety of ...Introduction. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a crystal deposition arthropathy involving the synovial and periarticular tissues. [1] Its clinical presentation may range from being asymptomatic to acute or chronic inflammatory arthritis. [2] Different terms are used to describe the varied phenotypes of calcium pyrophosphate ... First diagnosed in 1989, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) iIndividuals with very mild, stage 1 chronic obstructive pOxaliplatin is a platinum-group chemotherapeutic agen
Health Tips for Dayforce learning website
Did you know that you could get a tattoo at Star Wars Celebration? The artists of Ink-Fusion Empire travel to cons to give attendees unforgettable souvenirs. Check out the great ta...Budesonide is a medication used to manage and treat inflammatory diseases, mainly affecting the airways and gastrointestinal tract. It is in the corticosteroid class of medications. This activity reviews the indications, mechanism of action, and contraindications, adverse event profiles, monitoring, and other key elements of budesonide therapy in the clinical setting as relates to the ...Guideline Implementation Tools. Nici L, Mammen MJ, Charbek E, Alexander PE, Au DH, Boyd CM et al. Pharmacologic management of COPD: an official ATS clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201 (9):e56-369. Gartman EJ, Mulpuru SS, Mammen MJ, Alexander PE, Nici L, Aaron SD, et al. Summary for clinicians: clinical practice ...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and health-care use worldwide. COPD is caused by exposure to inhaled noxious particles, notably tobacco smoke and pollutants. However, the broad range of factors that increase the risk of development and progression of COPD throughout the life course are ...Amoxicillin-clavulanate is a mainstay antibiotic in emergency departments and primary care offices throughout the country. It is a combination of two separate drugs: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin is a penicillin derivative and has a similar activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.Sep 15, 2020 · Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder characterized by scarring of the lungs from an unknown cause. The condition has a poor long-term prognosis. Classical features of IPF include the gradual onset of shortness of breath, progressive dyspnea, and a dry, nonproductive cough. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) usually reveal restrictive lung function impairment ...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. There has been significant progress in the pathologic description and pathophysiologic analysis of COPD in the 20th and 21st centuries. We review the history, progression, and significance of pathologic alterations in COPD, including emphysematous changes, airway ...This article will focus on pulmonary barotrauma. Pulmonary barotrauma is a complication of mechanical ventilation and has correlations with increased morbidity and mortality. The natural mechanism of breathing in humans depends on negative intrathoracic pressures. In contrast, patients on mechanical ventilation ventilate with positive pressures.Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Association (FDA) for treating and preventing acute or severe bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, including exercise-induced bronchospasm. Albuterol is a commonly prescribed bronchodilator used for managing diverse respiratory conditions, including asthma and exercise-induced ...Interstitial lung disease (ILD), sometimes called diffused parenchymal diseases, describes a heterogeneous collection of distinctive lung disorders classified on the grounds of shared clinical, radiographic, physiologic or pathologic factors. What makes it difficult to understand this group of diseases is the confusing terminology. The …Discuss interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and improve outcomes. Disclosures StatPearls, LLC requires everyone who influences the content of an educational activity to disclose relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies that ...Influenza is a communicable viral disease that affects the upper and lower respiratory tract. A wide spectrum of influenza viruses causes it. Some of these viruses can infect humans, and some are specific to different species. These viruses are transmissible through respiratory droplets expelled from the mouth and respiratory system during coughing, talking, and sneezing. The influenza viruses ...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and tissue destruction. It is associated with structural lung changes due to chronic inflammation from prolonged exposure to noxious particles or gases most commonly cigarette smoke. Chronic inflammation causes airway narrowing and decreased lung recoil. The disease ...Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a surgical procedure considered for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe emphysema.[1] Although first described in the 1950s, it did not gain popularity until the 1990s, due to improved surgical technology and management of complications.[2] A large, collaborative, multicenter, randomized control trial for LVRS, known as ...This guide provides an overview of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its symptoms, how it affects breathing, and how it's diagnosed and treated. It can be used by health care professionals to have a dialogue with patients or as a general handout to raise awareness about COPD. Print Length:Diazepam is a benzodiazepine medication that is FDA approved for the management of anxiety disorders, short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, spasticity associated with upper motor neuron disorders, adjunct therapy for muscle spasms, preoperative anxiety relief, management of certain refractory epilepsy patients, and …Epinephrine is one of the most commonly used agents in various settings as it functions as medication and hormone. It is currently FDA-approved for various situations, including emergency treatment of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, induction, and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgeries and hypotension …Forced expiratory volume (FEV) refers to the air an individual can exhale during a forced breath in t seconds. (see Image. Forced Expiratory Volume). [1] It is usually represented as FEV, followed by a subscript that indicates the number of seconds of the measurement's duration. For instance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is the maximum air the subject can forcibly expel during ...StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. StatPearls [Internet]. Show details ... COPD usually start with a pressure of 5 cm water versus those with congestive heart failure (CHF), severe pneumonia and pulmonary edema due to near-drownings at 10 cm water. With these levels, the work of breathing can be ...Symptoms. Symptoms of bronchiectasis may include frequent coughing, sputum (mucus) production, fatigue, repeated chest infections, shortness of breath, unexplained fever, chills, sweats, weight loss and in extreme cases, coughing up blood (hemoptysis). There is often no cure for bronchiectasis, but it can be treated.Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. The condition was first detected in two patients with lung cancer by William Schwartz and …Rhabdomyolysis means dissolution of skeletal muscle, and it is characterized by leakage of muscle cell contents, myoglobin, sarcoplasmic proteins (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferase), and electrolytes into the extracellular fluid and the circulation. The …Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are a drug class used as a mainstay treatment for respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They replicate the functions of catecholamines such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in producing different autonomic responses within the body. Specifically, the smooth muscle of the airway, uterus, intestine ...This article provides a summary of the newly updated asthma and COPD treatment guidelines. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment guidelines were updated in 2022. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment guidelines were updated in 2023. Both the GINA and GOLD treatment guidelines are published by ...Stiolto Respimat 60 ACT (Inhalation) received an overall rating of 8 out of 10 stars from 7 reviews. See what others have said about Stiolto Respimat 60 ACT (Inhalation), including...Jun 26, 2023 · According to epidemiological data, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to be the third leading cause of death. [1] Although the prognosis of these patients is improving with new treatment modalities, the mortality in these patients is still high. [2] [3] Tobacco smoking accounts for most cases of COPD in developed nations.The blood goes from right to left side of tHyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium con
Top Travel Destinations in 2024
Introduction. Pulmonary vasoconstriction is a physiological phenomenon and mechanism in response to alveolar hypoxia or low oxygen partial pressures in the pulmonary arterioles and, to some extent, the pulmonary venules. Pulmonary vasoconstriction redirects blood flow within the vasculature away from poorly ventilated parts of the lungs towards ...The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) is the measure of carbon dioxide within arterial or venous blood. It often serves as a marker of sufficient alveolar ventilation within the lungs. Generally, under normal physiologic conditions, the value of PCO2 ranges between 35 to 45 mmHg, or 4.7 to 6.0 kPa. Typically the measurement of PCO2 is ...Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by poor oxygenation and non-compliant or "stiff" lungs. The disorder is associated with capillary endothelial injury and diffuse alveolar damage. Once ARDS develops, patients usually have varying degrees of pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and may develop ...Emphysema, as a part of COPD, is an illness that affects a large number of people worldwide. In 2016, the Global Burden of Disease Study reported a prevalence of 251 million cases of COPD globally. ... [Updated 2021 Feb 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-.Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ...Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine drug used for the acute treatment of panic disorder, epilepsy, and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The drug also has many off-label indications, including restless leg syndrome, acute mania, insomnia, and tardive dyskinesia. Clonazepam is a long-acting and high-potency benzodiazepine; it behaves as a GABA …1. Introduction. Clinical assessment tools are widely used to evaluate patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [ 1] These tools generally include 4 domains: dyspnea perception and exertional dyspnea, and questionnaires of health-related quality of life (HRQoLQs) and mood. [ 2] The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC ...As defined by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, "(sudden) cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac activity so that the victim becomes unresponsive, with no normal breathing and no signs of circulation. If corrective measures are not taken rapidly, this condition progresses to sudden death. Cardiac arrest should be used to signify an event as ...Wheezing is the symptomatic manifestation of any disease process that causes airway obstruction. Rene Laennec's development of the stethoscope in 1816 has enabled a better appreciation of wheeze at the bedside, in comparison to the previously established practice of ear-to-chest auscultation. Wheeze is a musical, high-pitched, …Pre-Hypertension: SBP 120 to 139 mm Hg and DBP 80 to 89 mm Hg. Stage 1 Hypertension: SBP 140 to 159 mm Hg and DBP 90 to 99 mm Hg. Stage 2 Hypertension: SBP greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and DBP greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg. The JNC-8 recommendations were exclusively for individuals aged 18 years and above.Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are airflow-limited states contained within the disease state known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [] Just as asthma is no longer grouped with COPD, the current definition of COPD put forth by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) also no longer distinguishes between emphysema and chronic bronchitis.A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot obstructs the pulmonary artery or its branches. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a thrombus develops within the deep veins, most commonly in the lower extremities. PE usually occurs when a part of this thrombus breaks off and enters the pulmonary circulation. PE rarely occurs from the embolization of other materials into the pulmonary ...Sep 1, 2020 · Bacterial pneumonia, characterized by inflammation in lung parenchyma and alveolar spaces, is caused by various bacteria, each triggering an intricate interplay with the host immune response. Clinically, patients may experience symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest pain, with potential complications ranging from necrotizing pneumonia and empyema to meningitis, sepsis, and multiple ...Pneumonia is an infection of lung parenchyma caused by a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.[1] One type of bacteria includes Chlamydia species. These species consist of C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis, which are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens. They frequently infect the respiratory tract in humans.[2][3]Feb 29, 2024 · The overlap syndrome, introduced by David C. Flenely in 1985, characterizes the combination of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[1] COPD involves persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible distal airflow limitation.[2] Individuals with COPD frequently experience challenges in initiating sleep and frequent ...Feb 29, 2024 · The overlap syndrome, introduced by David C. Flenely in 1985, characterizes the combination of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[1] COPD involves persistent respiratory symptoms and irreversible distal airflow limitation.[2] Individuals with COPD frequently experience challenges in initiating sleep and frequent ...Study Guide from StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), 15 May 2019 PMID: 31082106 . Books & documents Free full text in Europe PMC . Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract . Tachypnea is a condition that refers to rapid breathing. The normal breathing rate for an average ...Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most commonly used crystalloid worldwide is normal saline which is used in the management and treatment of dehydration (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss, and mild sodium depletion. This activity describes ...Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is a dimorphic fungus present worldwide in pockets of endemicity particularly associated with river valleys. The endemic regions in the United States are Ohio and Mississippi river valleys as well as southeastern states. It is a soil-based fungus, and when it is disturbed, the conidia become airborne and can be inhaled.Rene Laënnec's invention of the stethoscope in the early 1800s paved the way for the clinical examination of the lungs. The lung exam is a standard approach for comprehensive and focused physical examinations in patients. Due to their proximity to vital structures such as the heart, great vessels, esophagus, and diaphragm, a careful …Aug 7, 2023 · Chronic inflammation is also referred to as slow, long-term inflammation lasting several months to years. Generally, the extent and effects of chronic inflammation vary with the cause of the injury and the ability of the body to repair and overcome the damage. This activity reviews the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and highlights the ...Fluid therapy is a critical component of the clinical management of patients. It consists of colloid therapy as well as crystalloid therapy. The most commonly used crystalloid worldwide is normal saline which is used in the management and treatment of dehydration (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss, and mild sodium depletion. This activity describes ...Theophylline is a medication used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a second-line drug. It is a bronchodilator. This activity reviews the indications, action, and contraindications for theophylline as a potential agent in treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile ...Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a treatable disease caused by thrombus formation in the lung vasculature, commonly from the lower extremity's deep veins compromising the blood flow to the lungs. Undiagnosed massive PE can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. The diagnosis of PE is based on imaging. Computed tomography of pulmonary arteries (CTPA) and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q ...Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Association (FDA) for treating and preventing acute or severe bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, including exercise-induced bronchospasm. Albuterol is a commonly prescribed bronchodilator used for managing diverse respiratory conditions, including asthma and exercise-induced ...Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L but can vary to some extent depending upon the set values of varied laboratories.[1] Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water in comparison to that of the total body sodium content. Edelman approved of the …In 1836, Charles Dickens published his serialized book “The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club” in which he described obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), which is defined as alveolar hypoventilation in an obese individual during wakefulness that cannot be explained to other conditions that lead to hypercapnia, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) or obstructive sleep ...Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a surgical procedure considered for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or severe emphysema.[1] Although first described in the 1950s, it did not gain popularity until the 1990s, due to improved surgical technology and management of complications.[2] A large, …Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, and is emerging as a major disease in developing economies. 1 It is a heterogeneous condition arising from various contributing pathophysiological processes, including poor lung development, reduced lung growth in early life, lung damage related to exposure to ...Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality and incurs significant healthcare costs. As disease presentation varies from a mild illness that can be managed as an outpatient to a severe illness requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, diagnosing early and determining the appropriate level of care is important for improving outcomes.[1][2][3][4][5] Pneumomediastinum is defined as air present in the